Summary
Night storage heaters (also called electric storage heaters or NSHs) charge up overnight on cheap off-peak electricity — traditionally Economy 7, now increasingly time-of-use tariffs like Octopus Agile or Cosy — and release that stored heat through the following day. They're common in flats, park homes, and properties off the gas grid where running a wet central heating system isn't practical. Pricing this job well matters because tradespeople routinely under-quote it: customers assume "it's just swapping a heater," but the job frequently involves circuit assessment, asbestos risk on pre-1980s units, structural wall-fixing checks (these things are heavy), and Part P notifiable electrical work.
The market has two very different products sitting under the same name. Old-style "brick core" heaters (pre-2000s) are dumb — no thermostat feedback, poor input/output control, and they overheat rooms in mild weather while underheating in cold snaps. Modern High Heat Retention (HHR) units, driven by the 2018 ErP Lot 20 regulations, have electronic charge controllers, room thermostats, and open-window detection built in. Since ErP Lot 20 came into force, low-efficiency storage heaters can no longer be sold new in the UK — this is the single biggest driver of "convert my old heaters" enquiries, alongside customers moving off Economy 7 to time-of-use tariffs that make old dumb-charge units financially pointless.
The other pricing trap: customers conflate "storage heater replacement" with "cheap job" because there's no wet system, no radiators, no boiler. In reality, correctly sizing units, running new radial circuits where the existing wiring is undersized or on a shared circuit, and safely removing old units (weight, asbestos) can make this a multi-day electrical job, not an afternoon swap.
Key Facts
- HHR unit cost (supply only) — £350–£950 depending on output (1.7kW–3.4kW), brand, and whether it has WiFi/smart control (Dimplex Quantum, Elnur Ecombi, Creda TSRE range typical mid-market brands — no brand endorsement, compare specs)
- Output sizing rule of thumb — approx. 60–100W per m² of room area for average insulation, adjusted for ceiling height and glazing; a poorly insulated Victorian bedroom may need the top of that range
- Weight — a 3.4kW HHR unit weighs 35–55kg fully cored; wall fixings must be into masonry or a suitably strengthened stud wall, never plasterboard alone
- Circuit requirement — each storage heater is normally wired on its own radial circuit back to a dedicated off-peak (Economy 7 / time-switched) way in the consumer unit, sized per manufacturer's load — commonly a 16A or 20A circuit on 2.5mm² or 4mm² cable depending on run length and volt drop
- Part P notification — installing a new circuit is notifiable work under Building Regulations Part P (England) / Part P equivalent in Wales; must be certified by a competent person scheme member (NICEIC, NAPIT, ELECSA) or notified to Building Control directly
- BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 — all new circuit work must be designed, installed, inspected and tested to the current edition (18th Edition wiring regs) — issue an Electrical Installation Certificate (EIC) for new circuits or a Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate (MEIWC) for like-for-like swaps on an existing circuit
- Economy 7 / off-peak metering — requires a two-rate meter and a time switch or Radio Teleswitch (RTS) — RTS is being phased out (BBC long-wave signal switch-off), affecting older installations; check with the DNO/supplier before quoting a straight like-for-like
- Asbestos risk on pre-1980s units — early storage heater cores used asbestos-containing insulation boards around the ceramic bricks; treat any unit installed before c.1985 as a presumed ACM until proven otherwise — do not grind, drill or break up the casing
- ErP Lot 20 (Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1188) — sets minimum efficiency standards for local space heaters sold in the EU/UK since January 2018; low-retention "dumb" storage heaters no longer meet this and are effectively obsolete for new supply
- HHR vs dumb storage heater output control — HHR units have electronic input/output regulation reacting to room temperature and forecast weather via a charge controller; dumb units rely on a manual damper only
- Typical labour time — 2–4 hours per unit for like-for-like swap onto an existing circuit; 4–6 hours per unit where a new dedicated circuit and consumer unit way must be added
- Disposal — old storage heaters are WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and, if presumed ACM, may also require licensed asbestos waste disposal — never send to general skip
- Consumer unit capacity — adding several new off-peak ways may require a consumer unit upgrade if spare ways or supply capacity are insufficient; check main fuse rating (typically 60A or 100A) against total connected load
- RCD protection — since Amendment 2 to BS 7671:2018, most new circuits require 30mA RCD protection; storage heater circuits in most locations fall under this unless a specific exception applies —
- Standby/no-heat retention feature — modern HHR units include a manual boost function for daytime top-up heat, which increases running cost if overused — worth explaining to customers at quote stage to manage expectations
- Grant schemes — ECO4 and Great British Insulation Scheme can occasionally include storage heater upgrades bundled with insulation work for eligible low-income households — check current scheme rules before promising eligibility
Quick Reference Table
Spending too long on quotes? squote turns a 2-minute voice recording into a professional quote.
Try squote free →| Job type | Typical price range | Labour time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single HHR unit swap (existing circuit, like-for-like) | £450–£750 | 2–4 hrs | MEIWC issued, no Part P notification needed if truly like-for-like |
| Single HHR unit, new dedicated circuit | £700–£1,100 | 4–6 hrs | Part P notifiable, EIC issued |
| 2-bed flat, 3 units, mix of swap + new circuits | £1,800–£3,200 | 1–1.5 days | Common scenario in ex-council/housing association stock |
| 3-bed house, 5–6 units, full replacement | £3,500–£7,500 | 2–3 days | May trigger consumer unit upgrade |
| Consumer unit upgrade (if required) | £600–£1,200 | Additional 0.5–1 day | Dual RCD or RCBO board, 17–18th edition compliant |
| Old unit removal, non-ACM | £30–£60 per unit | Included in labour | WEEE disposal via licensed carrier |
| Old unit removal, presumed/confirmed ACM | £150–£400 per unit | Separate visit likely | Licensed asbestos contractor required for confirmed ACM |
| Room heat-loss survey / sizing visit | £0–£75 | 30–45 min per room | Often folded into quote as a goodwill visit |
Detailed Guidance
Sizing units correctly
Undersizing is the single biggest cause of callback complaints on this job. Work from room area, ceiling height, glazing area/type, and insulation standard rather than simply matching the old unit's kW rating — old units were frequently oversized or undersized in the first place because dumb heaters were cheap to overspecify. A reasonable site method: measure floor area (m²), apply 60W/m² for a well-insulated modern room, up to 100W/m² for solid-wall Victorian/Edwardian stock with single glazing, then round up to the nearest standard HHR output (1.25kW, 1.7kW, 2.55kW, 3.4kW). For open-plan living/kitchen areas, consider two smaller units rather than one oversized unit for better heat distribution — quote this as an option, don't decide it for the customer without discussion.
Circuit design and consumer unit capacity
Before quoting, always open the consumer unit and record: total main fuse rating, number of spare ways, whether it's a dual-RCD or RCBO board, and whether there's an existing off-peak (Economy 7) supply with a functioning time switch or RTS receiver. A common false economy is quoting a like-for-like swap when the existing circuit is undersized for a higher-output replacement unit — always check cable csa and length against the new unit's rated current, not just the old unit's. If the RTS signal has been switched off in the area (an ongoing UK-wide phase-out), the off-peak circuit may need converting to a smart time switch or the supplier's replacement off-peak signalling method — flag this to the customer as a possible extra before quoting a fixed price, or price it as a provisional sum.
Asbestos and safe removal
Any storage heater installed before the mid-1980s should be treated as a presumed asbestos-containing material under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (CAR 2012) until inspected. The risk is in the core insulation boards, not the outer casing — the danger arises from breaking, drilling or grinding these boards during removal. Do not attempt removal yourself if you suspect ACM presence; get a licensed asbestos surveyor to confirm, and if confirmed, a licensed asbestos removal contractor must dispose of it as controlled waste with a consignment note. Quote this as a provisional item ("subject to asbestos survey") rather than guessing — getting this wrong is both a compliance and a personal exposure risk.
Part P notification and certification
New circuits for storage heaters are notifiable electrical work under Part P of the Building Regulations. If you're registered with a competent person scheme (NICEIC, NAPIT, ELECSA, STROMA), self-certify and register the work with your scheme provider — this generates the Building Regulations compliance certificate for the customer without a separate Building Control application. If you're not scheme-registered, the customer (or you on their behalf) must submit a Building Notice to local Building Control before work starts, which adds cost and time to the job — factor the Building Control fee into your quote if this applies. A genuine like-for-like swap on an existing circuit with no new wiring is generally non-notifiable, but issue a Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate (MEIWC) regardless, per BS 7671 Part 6.
Regional price variation
London and the South East run 20–35% above the ranges quoted here, driven by higher electrician day rates (£300–£450/day vs £220–£280/day in the Midlands/North) and higher parking/congestion overheads in city properties. Rural and off-grid properties (where storage heating is more common because there's no mains gas) sometimes see lower labour rates but higher materials delivery costs and potential extra time for older, harder-to-access consumer units in outbuildings or under-stair cupboards.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I just swap a storage heater like-for-like without an electrician?
No — even a "simple" swap involves isolating a live circuit, connecting a new load, and confirming the circuit is safe for the new unit's rated current. This is notifiable/certifiable electrical work under Part P and BS 7671. A competent DIYer physically lifting the unit onto the wall isn't the risk — the electrical connection and certification is, and an uncertified installation can cause problems at sale/insurance time for the homeowner.
Do all storage heaters need a dedicated off-peak circuit?
Ideally yes, but not always in practice — some older installations run several units off a single ring or radial that was adequate for old dumb units but is undersized for higher-output HHR replacements. Never assume the existing circuit is adequate; check cable size, length (volt drop), and the combined load against the circuit's protective device rating before signing off a swap.
Why has my customer's old storage heater always run hot even in mild weather?
This is the classic symptom of a dumb (non-HHR) unit with only a manual damper and no electronic charge/output control — it charges a fixed amount overnight regardless of forecast temperature and can't modulate output through the day. This is exactly the failure ErP Lot 20 was designed to eliminate; it's a strong, honest upsell point for HHR replacement rather than a scare tactic.
Is it worth converting from storage heating to a heat pump or gas central heating instead?
Sometimes, but it's a much bigger job and a different conversation — cross-reference night storage heaters vs central heating with the customer before quoting either job, since the right answer depends on whether mains gas is available, the property's insulation standard, and whether the customer is eligible for heat pump grant schemes. Don't let a storage heater enquiry turn into an unplanned heat pump sales pitch — scope it properly first.
What's the risk of getting the tariff wrong?
If the property's off-peak signalling (RTS) has stopped working locally, the customer may be charging heaters at peak rate without realising — this destroys the economics of storage heating entirely and is a common source of "my heating bills are huge" complaints that are actually a signalling fault, not a heater fault. Always check the time switch is actually switching at the right times as part of any storage heater job, even a simple swap.
Regulations & Standards
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 (18th Edition Wiring Regulations) — governs design, installation, inspection and testing of all circuit work, including storage heater radials and RCD/RCBO protection requirements
Building Regulations Part P (Electrical safety – dwellings) — notifiable work for new circuits; competent person self-certification via NICEIC/NAPIT/ELECSA or Building Control notification
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1188 (ErP Lot 20) — minimum efficiency requirements for local space heaters, effectively ending sale of low-retention "dumb" storage heaters since January 2018
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 (CAR 2012) — governs identification, handling and disposal of presumed/confirmed asbestos-containing materials in pre-1980s storage heater cores
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 2013 — governs disposal of old electrical appliances including storage heaters
BS EN 60335 (household electrical appliance safety) —
GOV.UK — Part P electrical safety in dwellings — Building Regulations guidance on notifiable electrical work
HSE — Asbestos: The Basics — identification and safe handling guidance for presumed ACMs
NICEIC — Competent Person Scheme — registration and certification route for notifiable electrical work
Energy Saving Trust — Storage heaters — consumer guidance on storage heater running costs and efficiency
Ofgem — Economy 7 and time-of-use tariffs — background on off-peak metering and RTS phase-out
night storage heaters vs central heating — decision framework for customers weighing storage heater replacement against switching to central heating or a heat pump
immersion heater — Economy 7 two-circuit wiring pattern shares the same off-peak metering logic as storage heater circuits
heat pump wiring — comparison point for customers asking about switching from storage heating to a heat pump instead
underfloor heating electric — alternative electric heating technology worth mentioning when a customer is open to non-storage options