Summary
Electric radiators are increasingly common in the UK as a heating solution for flats without gas, extensions where the boiler cannot cope with an added zone, and holiday lets where a maintenance-free system is preferred. They are also being retrofitted into homes converting from oil or LPG.
For a tradesperson pricing this work, the key questions are: is it a plug-in unit that only needs a nearby socket, or a hardwired unit needing a dedicated spur? And is the property's consumer unit + supply adequate for the total load — a modest four-radiator whole-house install can pull 8kW+ instantaneously, easily exceeding the free capacity of a 60A single-phase supply.
The single biggest cost driver is whether the customer wants controls that integrate (app control, thermostat, TRV-equivalent programmers). Basic on/off is a wire-and-hang job; smart controls with a central hub add £200–£600 to the whole install.
Key Facts
- Standard sizes — panel radiators from 500W (small bedroom) to 2000W (large living room). Ceramic and oil-filled types 500–2500W.
- Room sizing rule — approx. 100W per m³ for a well-insulated room; 130W/m³ for older/less-insulated; up to 150W/m³ for poorly insulated with big glazing.
- BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 — the wiring regulations. Any fixed electric radiator on a new circuit is notifiable work (Part P).
- Part L — building regs energy efficiency; not typically restrictive for like-for-like replacement but relevant for whole-property conversions (SAP calculation impact).
- Plug-in vs hardwired — Under 3kW single unit plug-in on 13A socket permitted. Over 3kW must be hardwired. Manufacturers often specify hardwiring for warranty.
- Fused connection unit (FCU) — 13A switched FCU for units up to 3kW / 13A load. Above that, dedicated circuit.
- Dedicated circuit — 16A radial (2.5mm² T&E) or 20A radial (2.5–4mm²) for larger units or multiple radiators on a common circuit.
- RCD protection — all new circuits require 30mA RCD (Regulation 411.3.3). Adding a circuit to a non-RCD board may require RCBO or full CU upgrade.
- Consumer unit capacity — check total connected load. UK domestic single-phase typically 60A or 100A. Whole-house electric heating easily hits >8kW peak.
- Programmer/thermostat integration — smart controls (Nest, Hive, Tado, or dedicated hub systems from Rointe, Ecostrad, HeatFast, Adax) add features but need Wi-Fi and configuration.
- Wall fixing — standard M6 bolts into stud or masonry. Weight typically 8–20kg per radiator. Check wall type; heavy oil-filled units need blockwork or bracket-into-stud (16mm hard-fix into softwood, no chipboard).
- Compliance certificate — Electrical Installation Certificate (EIC) or Minor Works Certificate (MWC) required. Notify LABC or self-certify via CPS.
Quick Reference Table
Spending too long on quotes? squote turns a 2-minute voice recording into a professional quote.
Try squote free →| Job Type | Typical Duration | Total Labour Range | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plug-in swap (1 radiator, existing socket) | 30–60 min | £60–£150 | Take-down + hang new + connect |
| Hardwired swap (1 radiator, existing FCU) | 1–1.5 hours | £150–£280 | Isolate, disconnect, hang, connect, test |
| New hardwired install (1 radiator, new FCU) | 1.5–2.5 hours | £280–£450 | Add spur off ring, install FCU |
| New dedicated circuit (1 radiator) | 2–4 hours | £350–£650 | New MCB in CU, cable run, spur or FCU |
| Whole-house 4-radiator swap (like-for-like) | 4–6 hours | £600–£1,000 | Assumes existing wiring adequate |
| Whole-house conversion from wet system | 2–4 days | £2,500–£6,000+ | Plus radiators, controls, CU work |
| Material | Typical Trade Price (2026) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1000W panel electric radiator | £120–£280 | Programmable, wall bracket included |
| 1500W ceramic radiator (with thermostat) | £180–£420 | Higher-quality UK brands |
| 2000W oil-filled radiator (smart-enabled) | £280–£550 | With Wi-Fi/app control |
| 13A switched FCU (with neon) | £8–£18 | MK, Crabtree, BG |
| 20A DP switch | £12–£25 | For dedicated circuit |
| 2.5mm² T&E cable (per m) | £1.20–£1.80 | 16A radial |
| 4mm² T&E cable (per m) | £2.20–£3.20 | 20A radial + longer runs |
| 16A MCB / RCBO | £12–£45 | Depends on CU brand |
| Smart thermostat hub (e.g. Rointe Bianca) | £120–£280 | For multi-radiator control |
| Certificate (MWC / EIC) | £30–£60 admin | CPS registration cost pro rata |
Detailed Guidance
Scoping the job before quoting
Always do a site visit before quoting. Phone quotes for electric radiator work miss critical details.
SITE SURVEY DECISION TREE
=========================
Existing electric radiator being replaced?
├── Plug-in → Wattage match? Socket in reach?
│ ├── Yes to both → Plug-in swap £60–£150
│ └── No → New socket needed → +£80–£180
├── Hardwired (FCU) → Circuit rating adequate?
│ ├── Yes → Direct swap £150–£280
│ └── No → Circuit upgrade needed → +£200–£450
└── New install (no existing radiator here)
→ Nearest ring circuit socket
├── <2m away, spur possible → £280–£450 total
└── Requires dedicated circuit → £350–£650
→ CU capacity check FIRST
Whole-house conversion?
→ Total kW load calculation → CU + supply upgrade may be needed
→ Assume 4 rads × 1.5kW = 6kW instantaneous (nameplate)
├── 60A supply → OK if usage staggered; risk on peak evening
└── 100A supply → OK for typical domestic
→ Consider off-peak (Economy 7) programming if a night-storage element used
What to check on the visit:
- Room size and heat loss. Rough sizing rule: 100W/m³ well-insulated, 130W/m³ average, 150W/m³ poor insulation. Under-size and the room won't heat; over-size and the customer pays for oversized electricity draw.
- Existing wiring type. Old rubber-insulated (VIR) or Pyro cabling in older properties requires immediate upgrade — do not connect new load to it.
- Consumer unit make and age. Post-2019 dual-RCD or all-RCBO board is straightforward. Older split-load with a single RCD may need adjacent RCBOs or full upgrade.
- Wall type. Studwork? Blockwork? Solid brick? Heat pump-style vertical panel radiators (>25kg) need proper anchor. Chipboard or lath-and-plaster requires additional battens.
- Fuse/cut-out rating. Look at the main switch and DNO cut-out. If the DNO fuse is 60A and the customer wants 8kW of continuous heating on cold evenings, the supply itself may need upgrading (DNO app, £0–£1,500 depending on distribution).
- Existing Wi-Fi coverage. Smart radiators + hubs need signal at each radiator location. Test coverage first if planning smart controls.
Labour breakdown for a typical whole-house swap
A "swap 4 existing hardwired radiators for new like-for-like on existing FCUs":
- Site setup + isolation of circuit at CU: 15 min
- Take down old radiators (4 × 15 min): 60 min
- Hang new brackets, level, plumb (4 × 20 min): 80 min
- Hang new radiators, connect wiring (4 × 20 min): 80 min
- Programme individual thermostats/timers (4 × 10 min): 40 min
- Test operation (thermostat set, warm-up check): 30 min
- Certification and paperwork (MWC × 4 or bulk): 30 min
- Clean up: 15 min
Total: ~5.5 hours. Charge at day-rate £350–£500 for a single electrician.
Where the money is lost
- Consumer unit surprises. You quoted "add a 16A circuit for the radiator" but on lifting the CU find no free way, no space, or fault leakage on the RCD. Add a survey visit if the CU is unfamiliar.
- Wall-fixing rework. You drilled into a dot-and-dab wall that had no hard bond; radiator pulls off after a week. Always use frame fixings through dot-and-dab, or M6 through cavity to backing.
- Under-sized radiator. You installed a 1000W radiator based on manufacturer's sizing table but the customer's room is 12m² of stone-walled Victorian bay. It cannot heat and the customer refuses to pay. Always size the room properly (300W/m² for uninsulated is not unusual).
- Wi-Fi / hub failures. Smart-hub-controlled radiators that lose connection are a nightmare of support calls. Recommend a Wi-Fi extender in the property BEFORE selling on integrated hub systems.
- Certification neglect. Not issuing MWC/EIC properly = insurance issue if the property later has an incident. £5 of paperwork protects your business.
Circuit design for whole-house electric heating
For a whole-house electric radiator install:
- Individual dedicated circuits per radiator — cleanest, most flexible, but expensive on cable/MCBs. Best for larger radiators (>2kW).
- Shared radial circuit — one 20A or 32A radial serving multiple FCUs for radiators. Each FCU has its own 13A fuse. Suitable when total load × diversity is within the circuit rating.
- Radial vs ring — always radial for radiator circuits. Ring finals are for socket outlets, not fixed loads.
- Diversity calculation — BS 7671 Appendix 15. For domestic heating, diversity factor is around 0.75 (assume 75% of connected load draws simultaneously). Apply carefully; peak evenings can hit 100%.
Example: 4 × 1.5kW radiators = 6kW nameplate. At 0.75 diversity = 4.5kW. On single-phase 240V = 18.75A. A 20A radial with FCUs at each unit works — but only if load is genuinely diversified. If all four are on 7am–9am with the timer, no diversity applies.
Controls and integration
Base level: on/off with wall-mounted programmer per radiator. Mid level: TRV-equivalent electronic thermostats per unit with weekly schedules. High level: hub-controlled with app, adaptive learning, geofencing.
Smart integration options:
- Manufacturer's own hub (Rointe Bianca, Ecostrad Ecostrad, Adax Wi-Fi) — best for the specific brand.
- Third-party smart TRV mount — usually not compatible with electric radiators (they're for wet-system TRVs).
- Central smart home hub (Google Home, Amazon Alexa, Apple HomeKit) — requires manufacturer's radiators supporting the protocol.
- Off-peak integration — Economy 7 tariff radiators use night rate to charge thermal mass (bricks, ceramic). Complex programming; consider night storage heaters as an alternative first.
Charge separately for controls setup — 30 minutes per radiator for wireless pairing + weekly schedule programming + customer walk-through.
Compliance and certification
For any fixed electric radiator work notifiable under Part P:
- CPS route (NAPIT, NICEIC, ELECSA registered): self-certify, issue Electrical Installation Certificate or Minor Works Certificate, notify scheme within 30 days. Certificate goes to customer + LABC via scheme.
- Non-CPS route: notify LABC before starting work (Building Notice), pay LABC fee (£200–£450), inspection by LABC-appointed electrical inspector.
- Testing: continuity of protective conductor, insulation resistance ≥1MΩ at 500V, polarity, earth loop impedance (Zs), RCD trip at 30mA within 40ms.
Certificate to customer must include:
- Circuit details (MCB rating, cable size, length)
- Test readings (continuity, insulation, Zs, RCD)
- Designer/installer/inspector signatures
- Notification/scheme reference
Non-notification of Part P work is an offence and can void the customer's building insurance.
Warranty and workmanship
- Manufacturer warranty typically 2–5 years on the element, 5–15 years on the body. Requires professional install (proof of installation) for validity.
- Your workmanship warranty — 12 months minimum on installation labour. Longer looks generous but be careful about who pays for consumables and Wi-Fi issues.
- Common warranty exclusions: over-voltage damage (surge protection recommended), moisture ingress in bathrooms (IP rating check for bathroom-adjacent installations), impact damage.
For bathrooms, note the BS 7671 Section 701 zone requirements — electric radiators in bathroom Zone 2 require IPX4 minimum and 30mA RCD; Zone 3 requires IPX1 minimum. Cross-reference bathroom zones and ip ratings.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I just plug in a 3kW radiator?
3kW = 12.5A at 240V. On a 13A socket, technically yes — but marginal. Most manufacturers recommend hardwiring for any radiator ≥2kW to reduce plug/socket wear and heat build-up. Long-term plug-in operation at 3kW causes socket faceplate discolouration and eventual failure. Hardwire to a FCU is the safe choice.
Do I need to notify Building Control for a like-for-like radiator swap?
Not for like-for-like replacement on an existing circuit (Regulation 2013 amendment took most kitchens and outside work out of Part P notification, but not electric heating). Direct swap on existing FCU with no circuit change = not notifiable but MWC still issued. New circuit = notifiable.
What consumer unit space do I need?
For a whole-house conversion, allow one MCB or RCBO per major circuit (each radiator or shared radial). Also consider swapping the CU for a metal-clad 17th-edition all-RCBO board if the existing is old plastic — expected life 25+ years on a new CU vs the risk of adding to an ageing board.
Are ceramic vs panel vs oil-filled meaningfully different for the customer?
Yes:
- Panel (convector) — quickest to heat room, cheapest capital, minimal thermal mass. Feel drops within 15 min of switching off.
- Ceramic — some thermal mass; warmer surface, slower cool-down. Comfort feel better; upfront cost higher.
- Oil-filled — highest thermal mass, gentlest heat, best for constant-on schedules. Heaviest to wall-mount; check wall.
Match to customer usage pattern: shift-worker/holiday-let = panel; family home with constant-on = oil-filled or ceramic.
What about running costs for the customer?
Be transparent: electric radiators use 100% of input as heat but electricity is ~4× the unit cost of gas. A 6kW installed heating load running 6 hours daily on standard tariff = ~£8–£12/day in winter. Off-peak tariffs (Economy 7, dynamic price) can cut this by 40–60% if the customer buys thermal-storage radiators.
Regulations & Standards
BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 — Requirements for electrical installations (the wiring regs). Governs cable sizing, RCD, MCB selection, testing.
Approved Document Part P — electrical safety in dwellings. Notifiable work definitions.
Approved Document Part L — energy efficiency. Applies to whole-property heating replacement (SAP impact).
BS EN 60335-2-43:2003+A2:2019 — Household appliances — Particular requirements for room heaters. Product safety standard.
BS EN 55014-1:2021 — Electromagnetic compatibility. Relevant to smart-hub interference.
Confined space regs, working at height regs — routine site H&S.
BS 7671 IET wiring regulations — governing wiring standard
NAPIT technical resources — Part P and CPS guidance
Electrical Safety First — electric heating — consumer guidance
SAP methodology — for whole-house energy calculations
bathroom zones and ip ratings — IP ratings for bathroom-adjacent installations
cable sizing — cable sizing by circuit type
consumer units — CU capacity and RCD protection
electric vs wet heating — decision-making between heating systems
part p electrical safety — Part P notifiable work definitions
night storage heaters — alternative electric heating with off-peak storage